Highlights
- • Occupant presence is one of the major parameters affecting the energy consumption and the number of infected people with COVID-19 in buildings.
- • A high occupant density in a building leads to higher energy consumption and the number of infected people with COVID-19.
- • An optimal occupant distribution through a day can control COVID-19 infection risk and the energy consumption in a building.
- • The COVID-19 infection risk can be minimized by a higher air exchange rate in the building, increase in the working hour of the building.
- • The HVAC energy consumption can be minimized by a lower air exchange rate in the building, decrease in the working hour of the building.

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