Highlights
- • E. coli enumeration methods require high cost or skilled technique.
- • E. coli could be enumerated only by measuring intrinsic GUS activity in wastewater.
- • No pretreatment was required, and the cost was 0.02 USD per sample.
- • E. coli could be monitored over 10 months and at different treatment stages.
- • The wastewater matrix did not inhibit the measurement.

Credit: iStock, rusm
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