Chemistry and sources of PM2.5 and volatile organic compounds breathed inside urban commuting and tourist buses

•    Interior bus air chemistry can be influenced both by route taken and bus model.

•    Carbon and most metal concentrations are much higher in buses than urban background.

•    Enhanced levels of Cu and Sb are attributed to brake particles entering the bus.

•    Inhalable PM are mostly textile fibres, skin flakes, vehicle exhaust and brake wear.

•    New buses show much higher VOC signature due to off-gassing of interior materials.

Image by Philipp Reiner from Pixabay

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